Family and Civil Justice Center, 201 E. University Ave. Gainesville

City in Florida, United states

Gainesville, Florida
Urban center
City of Gainesville
Downtown Gainesville at nighttime
Flag Seal
Motto(south): Citizen centered. People empowered.
Location in Alachua County and the country of Florida
Coordinates: 29°39′7.19″Due north 82°nineteen′29.97″W  /  29.6519972°N 82.3249917°Due west  / 29.6519972; -82.3249917 Coordinates: 29°39′7.19″N 82°19′29.97″West  /  29.6519972°North 82.3249917°W  / 29.6519972; -82.3249917
Country	United States
State	Florida
Canton	Alachua
Settled	1854
Incorporated	April 14, 1869
Government
• Type	Council-director
• City Commission	List Lauren Poe (Mayor) Reina Saco (At-Big A) Cynthia G. Chestnut (At-Big B) Desmon Duncan-Walker (Commune i) Harvey Ward (District two) David Arreola (District 3) Adrian Hayes-Santos (District 4) [1]
• City Manager	Lee R. Feldman, ICMA-CM[2]
Area [3]
• City	64.54 sq mi (167.15 km2)
• State	63.36 sq mi (164.eleven kmii)
• Water	i.17 sq mi (three.04 km2)  one.74%
Superlative [four]	152 ft (54 1000)
Population (2020)
• City	141,085
• Rank	194th
• Density	2,226.61/sq mi (859.70/kmtwo)
• Urban	187,781 (US: 187th)
• Metro	332,317 (153rd)
• CSA	400,814 (The states: 99th)
Fourth dimension zone	UTC−five (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−four (EDT)
Zippo code	32601–32614, 32627, 32635, 32641, 32653
Area code	352
FIPS lawmaking	12-25175
GNIS feature ID	0282874[five]
Website	www.cityofgainesville.org

Gainesville is the county seat of Alachua County, Florida, and the largest city in Due north Central Florida, with a population of 141,085 in 2020.^[6] Information technology is the chief city of the Gainesville metropolitan area, which had a population of 339,247 in 2020.^[7]

Gainesville is home to the Academy of Florida, the fourth-largest public university campus by enrollment in the United States every bit of the 2021–2022 bookish year.

History [edit]

There is archeological evidence, from well-nigh 12,000 years ago, of the presence of Paleo Indians in the Gainesville area, although it is not known if in that location were any permanent settlements.^[8] A Deptford culture army camp existed in Gainesville and was estimated to have been used between 500 BCE and 100 CE.^[nine] The Deptford people moved south into Paynes Prairie and Orange Lake during the starting time century and evolved into the Cades Pond culture.^[10] The Deptford people who remained in the Gainesville surface area were displaced by migrants from southern Georgia onetime in the seventh century.^[ten] These migrants evolved into the Alachua culture and they congenital their burying mound on meridian of the Deptford civilisation camp.^[9] When Europeans made offset contact in the surface area, the Potano lived in the area. They were descendants of the Alachua culture people.^[11] European contact diminished the numbers of native peoples (through disease, enslavement, state of war) and Spanish colonists began cattle ranching in the Paynes Prairie area in the 18th century. The Spanish ceded Florida to the US in 1821.^[12]

Gainesville was established in 1854 and named afterwards Edmund P. Gaines.^{[13] [fourteen]} The town of Gainesville was incorporated in 1869^[15] and chartered as a city in 1907.^[xvi] The University of the State of Florida was moved from Lake City to Gainesville in 1906 and its name was simplified to University of Florida in 1909.^{[16] [17]}

Geography [edit]

Gainesville is located at 29°39'55" North, 82°20'ten" West (29.665245, −82.336097),^[eighteen] which is roughly the same latitude as Houston, Texas. According to the United states Census Agency, the metropolis has an surface area of 62.iv square miles (161.half-dozen km^two), of which 61.3 square miles (158.8 kmⁱⁱ) is state and 1.ane square miles (ii.8 km²) is water. The total area is 1.74% h2o.^[19]

Gainesville's tree awning is both dense and species rich, including broadleaf evergreens, conifers, and deciduous species; the city has been recognized by the National Arbor Day Foundation every twelvemonth since 1982 as a "Tree City, USA". A 2016 ecological assessment indicates Gainesville's urban tree canopy covers 47 percent of its land surface area.^[20]

Gainesville is the but metropolis with more than 10,000 residents in the Gainesville, Florida, metropolitan statistical surface area (Alachua and Gilchrist counties), and it is surrounded by rural area, including the 21,000-acre (viii,500 ha) wilderness of Paynes Prairie on its southern edge. The city is characterized by its medium size and primal location, about 2 hours' driving time from either Jacksonville or Orlando, three hours from Tampa, and half dozen hours from either Atlanta or Miami. The area is dominated by the University of Florida,^[21] which in 2008 was the 3rd-largest university by enrollment in the U.s.,^[22] and every bit of 2016 was the fifth-largest.

Climate [edit]

Gainesville'southward climate is defined as humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa). Due to its inland location, Gainesville experiences wide temperature fluctuations, and it is part of USDA Plant hardiness zone 9a.^[23] During the hot flavour, from roughly May 15 to September 30, the urban center'southward climate is similar to the rest of the state, with frequent afternoon thunderstorms and high humidity. Average temperatures range from the low 70s (21–23 °C) at night to around 91 °F (33 °C) during the twenty-four hours. The all-time record loftier of 104 °F (xl °C) was reached on June 27, 1952.

From November through March, Gainesville experiences a somewhat dissimilar climate from much of Florida, with fifteen nights of temperatures at freezing or beneath and sustained freezes every few years. The all-fourth dimension record low of 6 °F (−14 °C) was reached on February xiii, 1899,^[24] and the city experienced calorie-free snow and freezing rain on Christmas Eve, 1989. Traces of snow were also recorded in 1977,^[25] 1996, 2010^[26] and 2016.^[27] The daily average temperature in January is 54.three °F (12.4 °C); on average, the window for freezing temperatures is December 4 to February 24, allowing a growing season of 282 days. Like the rest of the state, common cold temperatures are almost always accompanied by articulate skies and high pressure systems; snowfall is therefore rare. Temperatures reaching 100 °F (38 °C) or falling below twenty °F (−7 °C) are rare, having respectively last occurred on June iv, 2019, and January 11, 2010.

The city's flora and creature are also distinct from coastal regions of the state, and include many deciduous species, such as dogwood, maple, hickory and sugariness gum, alongside palms, live oaks, and other evergreens. This allows the city to relish cursory periods of fall color in tardily November and December and a noticeable, prolonged jump from mid-February through early April. This is a by and large pleasant period, every bit colorful blooms of azalea and redbud complement a cloudless blue sky, for this is besides the period of the lowest precipitation and lowest humidity. The metropolis averages 48.31 inches (ane,230 mm) of rain per year. June through September accounts for most annual rainfall, while autumn and early wintertime is the driest period.

Climate data for Gainesville, Florida (Gainesville Regional Airport), 1991−2020 normals,[28] extremes 1890−present
Month	Jan	February	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	November	Dec	Year
Tape loftier °F (°C)	89 (32)	91 (33)	96 (36)	96 (36)	102 (39)	104 (twoscore)	102 (39)	100 (38)	99 (37)	96 (36)	91 (33)	87 (31)	104 (forty)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	fourscore.8 (27.1)	83.3 (28.5)	86.4 (30.2)	89.8 (32.1)	94.3 (34.6)	96.5 (35.8)	96.0 (35.vi)	95.1 (35.1)	93.3 (34.1)	89.8 (32.1)	85.1 (29.v)	81.three (27.4)	97.8 (36.6)
Average high °F (°C)	67.1 (19.v)	70.ix (21.half dozen)	75.eight (24.3)	81.5 (27.v)	87.4 (30.8)	ninety.3 (32.four)	91.ane (32.eight)	90.five (32.v)	88.1 (31.2)	82.i (27.8)	74.7 (23.7)	69.3 (twenty.vii)	80.seven (27.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)	54.8 (12.7)	58.4 (14.7)	62.vii (17.1)	68.five (xx.3)	75.0 (23.ix)	79.9 (26.half-dozen)	81.iv (27.4)	81.3 (27.iv)	78.eight (26.0)	71.four (21.ix)	62.vii (17.1)	57.3 (14.one)	69.3 (twenty.7)
Boilerplate low °F (°C)	42.vi (5.ix)	45.nine (7.7)	49.7 (ix.8)	55.5 (13.1)	62.6 (17.0)	69.5 (20.8)	71.half dozen (22.0)	72.0 (22.ii)	69.4 (20.8)	60.6 (15.9)	50.half dozen (10.3)	45.2 (7.3)	57.9 (14.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	24.8 (−4.0)	27.7 (−2.4)	32.0 (0.0)	40.iv (4.7)	l.4 (x.2)	63.0 (17.2)	67.4 (19.7)	67.6 (19.eight)	60.2 (15.7)	43.4 (6.3)	32.5 (0.three)	28.iii (−2.1)	22.viii (−5.1)
Record low °F (°C)	x (−12)	6 (−xiv)	22 (−6)	32 (0)	42 (six)	l (10)	60 (16)	60 (16)	48 (nine)	32 (0)	twenty (−7)	13 (−11)	half dozen (−14)
Average atmospheric precipitation inches (mm)	3.29 (84)	2.67 (68)	3.49 (89)	2.74 (70)	3.08 (78)	7.56 (192)	6.68 (170)	half dozen.twoscore (163)	5.05 (128)	ii.68 (68)	ane.79 (45)	2.88 (73)	48.31 (one,227)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	viii.two	seven.ii	7.4	half dozen.2	vi.9	14.9	xv.9	sixteen.1	xi.0	vii.two	5.8	seven.0	113.8
Source: NOAA[29] [xxx]

Cityscape [edit]

Alachua Canton Courthouse Family and Ceremonious Justice Heart

University Corners, viewed from the main entrance to the Academy of Florida, Feb 2012. This is now the site of the flat complex "The Standard", which opened in 2017.

Since the 1990s, suburban sprawl has been a business organization for a majority of the city commissioners. The "New Urbanization" plan to gentrify the area between historic Downtown and the University of Florida may tedious the growth of suburban sectors and spark a migration toward upper-level apartments in the inner urban center. The area immediately north of the university is also seeing active redevelopment. Many gentrification plans rely on tax incentives that have sparked controversy^[31] and are sometimes unsuccessful. Academy Corners, which would non have been proposed without a $98 million taxation incentive program by the city,^[32] was to be "a crowning jewel of the city'south redevelopment efforts",^[33] 450 condos and hotel units and 98,000 square feet (9,100 grandⁱⁱ) of retail space in eight stories covering three city blocks,^[34] on 3.4 acres (1.four ha) purchased for $15.5 one thousand thousand.^[35] nineteen thriving businesses^[31] were demolished in April 2007,^[35] but in May 2008 deposit checks were refunded to most 105 people who reserved units,^[36] and in July 2008 developers spent "$120,000 to beautify the site, so we won't have this ugly green fence".^[35]

Gainesville'due south east side houses the bulk of the metropolis's African-American community, while the west side consists of the mainly student and White resident communities. W of the city limits are large-scale planned communities, most notably Haile Plantation, which was built on the site of its eponymous former plantation.

The destruction of the city's landmark Victorian courthouse in the 1960s, which some considered unnecessary, brought the idea of historic preservation to the community's attending. The bland county building that replaced the m courthouse became known to some locals as the "air conditioner". Additional destruction of the downtown area'southward historic buildings has left a small handful of older buildings, like the Hippodrome Country Theatre, at 1 time a federal building. Yet, revitalization of the city'south core has picked upward, and the city is replacing many parking lots and underutilized buildings with infill development and near-campus housing that blend with existing historic structures. There is a proposal to rebuild a replica of the old courthouse on a parking lot one block from the original location.

Helping in this attempt are the number of areas and buildings added to the National Register of Celebrated Places. Dozens of examples of restored Victorian and Queen Anne fashion residences synthetic in the city's agronomical heyday of the 1880s and 1890s can exist found in the following districts:

• Northeast Gainesville Residential District
• Southeast Gainesville Residential District
• Pleasant Street Celebrated District

Additionally, the University of Florida Campus Historic Commune, consisting of 11 buildings and 14 contributing properties, lies within the city'due south boundaries. Virtually of the buildings in the Campus Historic District are constructed in variations of Collegiate Gothic architecture, which returned to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Historic structures on the Annals in and effectually downtown are:

• Bailey Plantation House (1854)
• Colson House (1905)
• Matheson Firm (1867)
• Thomas Hotel (1910)
• The Onetime Postal service Office (now the Hippodrome State Theatre) (1911)
• Masonic Temple (1908)
• Seagle Edifice (1926), downtown Gainesville's tallest building.
• Baird Hardware Company Warehouse (1890)
• Cox Piece of furniture Store (1875)
• Cox Furniture Warehouse (c. 1890)
• Epworth Hall (1884)
• Old Gainesville Depot (1907)
• Mary Phifer McKenzie Business firm (1895)
• Star Garage (1902)
• A. Quinn Jones House

Developments and expansions [edit]

• Innovation Square^[37]
• University Corners^[38]
• The Continuum – Graduate and Professional Student Housing^[39]

Demographics [edit]

Gainesville Demographics
2020 Census	Gainesville	Alachua County[40] [41]	Florida[42]
Total population	141,085	278,468	21,538,187
Population, percent change, 2010 to 2020	+13.three%	+12.3%	+14.6%
Population density	2,226.72/sq mi	318.25/sq mi	401.64/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic)	57.5%	61.1%	57.7%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian)	53.0%	57.6%	51.5%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	13.8%	12.one%	26.5%
Black or African-American	20.half-dozen%	eighteen.7%	15.0%
Asian	7.8%	half-dozen.5%	iii.0%
Native American or Native Alaskan	0.three%	0.3%	0.four%
Ii or more than races (Multiracial)	10.ix%	9.9%	xvi.v%
Some other race	iii.7%	3.4%	7.3%

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1890	2,790		—
1900	three,633		xxx.2%
1910	6,183		70.2%
1920	6,860		10.9%
1930	ten,465		52.6%
1940	thirteen,757		31.v%
1950	26,861		95.three%
1960	29,701		10.half-dozen%
1970	64,510		117.2%
1980	81,371		26.1%
1990	84,770		4.ii%
2000	95,447		12.6%
2010	124,354		thirty.3%
2020	141,085		13.v%
U.Due south. Decennial Census[43]

The US Demography Bureau estimated Gainesville's population at 141,085 in 2020, a xiii.iii% increase from 2010 population of 124,504.^{[half-dozen] [44]} At the 2010 census there were 63,612 housing units, with 57,808 occupied and 5,804 vacant. Children under 18 years of age numbered 19,897 in 2020, comprising xiv.1% of the population, and people 65 years or over were estimated at 14,245 in 2019, or 10.8% of the population. In 2020, 57.5% of the population was White, 20.6% Black, vii.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indians and Alaska Natives, 3.vii% some other race, and ten.0% reporting two or more races. The population of Gainesville was xiii.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race and 52.1% female in 2020. In 2015-2019, the estimated median household income was $37,264 and the per capita income was $23,018.^[45]

Languages [edit]

As of 2019,^[46] 82.90% of residents age five and older spoke English at home, while 8.twenty% spoke Spanish, i.93% spoke Chinese, 0.96% spoke French, Haitian Creole, or Cajun, 0.78% spoke Vietnamese, 0.55% spoke Russian, Polish, or other Slavic linguistic communication, 0.50% spoke Tagalog, 0.34% spoke Korean, and 0.37% spoke German, 0.35% spoke Arabic, 2.14% spoke another Indo-European Language, 0.75% spoke some other Asian or Pacific Islander language, and 0.24% spoke another and unspecified language. In 2015, 0.61% of residents age five and older spoke Hindi at home.^[47]

Economy [edit]

Numerous guides, such as the 2004 Cities Ranked and Rated: More than 400 Metropolitan Areas Evaluated in the U.South. and Canada, have mentioned Gainesville's low cost of living. The restaurants near the University of Florida besides tend to be cheap. The holding taxes are high to offset the cost of the university, every bit the university'south land is tax-exempt, simply the median dwelling cost is slightly beneath the national average, and Gainesville residents, like all Floridians, do non pay country income taxes.

The urban center's chore marketplace scored only 6 out of a possible 100 points in the Cities Ranked and Rated guide, as the downside to the depression price of living is an extremely weak local task market that is oversupplied with college-educated residents. Gainesville's median income is slightly below the U.S. average.

Gainesville heavily promoted solar power by creating the first feed-in tariff (FIT) in the The states. The FIT allowed small businesses and homeowners to supply electricity into the municipal power grid and paid a premium for the make clean, on-site generated solar electricity. The FIT started with a rate of $0.32 per kilowatt-hour and allowed a person or business to enter into a 20-yr contract where Gainesville Regional Utilities would purchase the ability for 20 years.^[48] The FIT ended in 2013,^[49] when the rate was set at $0.18 per kWh, but the metropolis is all the same seen as a leader in solar ability. This increment in solar installations put Gainesville at number five in the earth in solar installed per capita, beating Nippon, French republic, China and all of the US.^[50]

The sports potable Gatorade was invented in Gainesville in the 1960s to help refresh the UF football team. UF still receives a share of the profits from the beverage, but Gatorade's headquarters are now in Chicago.

The Florida Section of Citrus'southward section of economic inquiry is on the UF campus.^[51]

Acme employers [edit]

The city's economic engine is the University of Florida, which is by far the largest employer in the surface area and brings in a large amount of state and federal money. According to Gainesville'due south 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Study,^[52] the elevation employers in the urban center are:

No.	Employer	No. of Employees
1	University of Florida	27,567
2	UF Health	12,705
three	Gainesville Veterans Administration Medical Center	6,127
4	Alachua County School Lath	3,904
five	Metropolis of Gainesville	2,072
six	Northward Florida Regional Medical Center	2,000
7	Gator Dining Services	1,200
eight	Nationwide Insurance	960
9	Alachua County	809
x	Publix	780

Startups [edit]

Greater Gainesville (Alachua County) is domicile to many startups with over 160 high growth enterprises.^[53] Gainesville is also domicile to dozens of organizations that support startups along their entire continuum of growth.^[54]

Education [edit]

The Gainesville urban expanse is served by Alachua County Public Schools, which has 75 different institutions in the canton, most in the Gainesville area. Gainesville is also abode to the University of Florida and Santa Iron Higher. The Academy of Florida is a major financial boost to the customs, and UF athletic events, including SEC football game games, create hundreds of thousands of dollars in boosted revenue.^{[ citation needed ]} Co-ordinate to a 2019 report by the university'south Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, the university contributed $16.9 billion to Florida'due south economic system and was responsible for over 130,000 jobs in the 2017–2018 fiscal year.^[55]

Desegregation [edit]

Gainesville's schools began desegregating in the 1960s and its high schools were integrated from 1968 to 1970, the "colored" schools having been either closed or integrated.^[56]

Uncomplicated schools [edit]

• Boulware Springs Lease School
• Chiles Unproblematic School
• Duval Elementary Schoolhouse
• J. J. Finley Unproblematic School
• Foster Elementary School
• Glen Springs Elementary School
• Hidden Oak Unproblematic School
• Idylwilde Simple Schoolhouse
• Lake Wood Elementary School
• Littlewood Unproblematic Schoolhouse
• Meadowbrook Uncomplicated School
• WA Metcalfe Elementary School
• Norton Knights Simple School
• Rawlings Elementary School
• Talbot Uncomplicated School
• Terwilliger Simple Schoolhouse
• Wiles Elementary Schoolhouse
• Williams Uncomplicated School

Middle schools [edit]

Middle schools in the county run from 6th to 8th grades.

• Howard Bishop Middle School
• Fort Clarke Centre School
• Kanapaha Centre School
• Lincoln Middle Schoolhouse
• Westwood Middle School

Loftier schools [edit]

Loftier schools in Gainesville run from 9th to 12th grades.

• Buchholz Loftier School
• Eastside High School
• Gainesville Loftier School
• Loften High Schoolhouse

Individual schools [edit]

• Brentwood School
• Countryside Christian School
• Cornerstone Academy
• Gainesville Land Day School
• Millhopper Montessori School
• Oak Hall School
• Queen of Peace University
• St. Patrick Interparish School
• The Rock School
• Trilogy School of Learning Alternatives
• Westwood Hills Christian School
• St. Francis University
• Newberry Christian Community School

Colleges and universities [edit]

• University of Florida
• Santa Iron College
• Saint Leo University (Gainesville Instruction Centre)
• Urban center College (Gainesville campus)

Developmental research schools [edit]

• P. K. Yonge Developmental Inquiry School

Public libraries [edit]

The Alachua Canton Library District provides public library service to Gainesville and to all of Alachua County. The Library District has reciprocal borrowing agreements with the surrounding counties of Baker, Bradford, Dirt, Columbia, Dixie, Gilchrist, Lafayette, Levy, Marion, Putnam, and Marriage. These agreements are designed to facilitate access to the most user-friendly library facility regardless of an individual's canton of residence.

Government and infrastructure [edit]

Urban center government [edit]

The council–managing director government is the form of municipal authorities used in Gainesville. The day-to-day operations of the urban center are run by a professional urban center manager who is appointed by the elected city commission.^[57]

Elected officials and elections [edit]

Metropolis commission [edit]

The legislative power of the city is vested in a urban center commission of vii members, one of whom is the mayor. The mayor and ii other commissioners are elected at-large, while the other four are elected from single-member districts to represent a quarter of the city.^[58]

The city commission is responsible for legislative functions such equally establishing policy, passing local ordinances, voting appropriations, and developing an overall vision, similar a corporate lath of directors,^[59] in addition to appointing several professional person staff persons.

Mayor [edit]

The mayor is presiding officer of the metropolis commission and has a vox and a vote in its proceedings but no veto power.^[lx]

Partial list of mayors of Gainesville, Florida

• Samuel Y. Finley, 1869–?, First mayor of Gainesville^[61]
• ?
• Josiah T. Walls, ?–1873^[62]
• Watson Porter, 1873–?^[62]
• ?
• William Reuben Thomas, 1901-1907
• Horatio Davis, 1908-1909^[63]
• ?
• Gordon Tison, circa 1918^[64]
• ?
• Robert W. Davis, 1924-1925^[63]
• ?
• J. Milton Brownlee, 1951^[63]
• Fred M. Cone, 1952^[63]
• Roy 50. Purvis, 1953^[63]
• C. B. Bohannon, Jr., 1954^[63]
• Joseph C. Wise, 1955^[63]
• Myrl J. Hanes, 1959^[63]
• Perry McGriff, circa 1960s??
• ?
• Joseph W. Trivial, 1975-1976^[65]
• ?
• Jean Chalmers, 1984-1985^[65]
• Gary Gordon, 1985-1986
• North. David Flagg, 1987-1988^[65]
• David Coffey, 1988-1989^[65]
• Cynthia Moore Chestnut, 1989-1990^[65]
• Rodney J. Long, 1991-1992^[65]
• Paula M. DeLaney, 1994–1995, 1998-2001^{[65] [66]}
• Bruce L. Delaney, 1997-1998^[65]
• Thomas D. Bussing, 2001-2004^[65]
• Pegeen Hanrahan, 2004-2010
• Craig Lowe, 2010-2013
• Ed Braddy, 2013-2016^[67]
• Lauren Poe since 2016

Elections and terms of office [edit]

Municipal elections are nonpartisan and utilize a 2-circular system, i.e., if no candidate receives a majority of the vote, a runoff election ensues between the ii candidates who received the most votes.^[68]

The mayor and other commissioners are elected to a term the length of which is in transition;^[69] in any case, neither the mayor nor whatsoever other commissioner may serve more than two sequent terms, excepting following a partial term created by a vacancy. Mayoral terms are reckoned separately from terms as some other commissioner, allowing a commissioner to serve more consecutive terms by alternating between the positions.^[70]

Departments [edit]

Police enforcement is provided past Gainesville Police Department, except on the University of Florida campus, which operates the Academy Constabulary Department.

Fire protection within the metropolis limits is provided by the Gainesville Burn Rescue, while the surrounding canton is served by the Alachua County Burn Rescue. Alachua County Burn Rescue provides ambulance services for the whole county.

Municipal buildings [edit]

Gainesville's city hall is at 200 E University Artery.

Transportation [edit]

Heading eastward on University Avenue, budgeted 13th Street (US 441) intersection

In 2009, the Gainesville metropolitan statistical expanse (MSA) ranked seventh highest in the United States in percentage of commuters who biked to work (3.three percent).^[71]

Major roads [edit]

Gainesville has an extensive route system, which is served by Interstate 75, and several Florida State Routes, including State routes xx, 24, and 26. Gainesville is also served by Usa 441 and nearby U.s. 301, which give a direct route to Jacksonville, Ocala, and Orlando.

• I-75 runs northwest and southeast across the western border of the city, with interchanges at SR 121/SR 331 (exit 382), SR 24 (go out 384), SR 26 (exit 387), and SR 222 (Leave 390).
• Usa 441 is the chief local north–south road through Gainesville. It runs on the eastern edge of the University of Florida. It is known to locals as 13th Street, before curving to the northwest and finally joining SR xx, converting into an boosted hidden country road. At the intersection of SR 121, the DeSoto Trail moves from SR 121 to US 441.
• SR 20 runs northwest and southeast through Gainesville. In east Gainesville, the route again becomes a stand-alone 4-lane highway every bit information technology heads to Hawthorne, Interlachen, and Palatka. Northwest of Gainesville, SR twenty coincides with US 441 as a hidden state road through the town of Alachua earlier splitting at the fork a half-mile from downtown High Springs. SR twenty then coincides with US 27 as it heads to Fort White, Branford, Mayo, Perry, and Tallahassee.
• SR 24 runs northeast and southwest through Gainesville. The northeast corner of SR 24 and SR 222 is the site of the Gainesville Regional Airport, before heading to Waldo, Starke, and Jacksonville (Via.U.S. Route 301)(Gainesville-Jacksonville Highway). Southwest of Gainesville, SR 24 passes through the towns of Archer and Bronson before ending at Cedar Key.
• SR 26 is the master local e–westward road through Gainesville. West of the city, it spans from Fanning Springs to Trenton, Newberry, and Jonesville. Eastward, SR 26 heads to Melrose before reaching its terminus at Putnam Hall in Putnam County.
• SR 120 runs due east and westward through the city. Its western end is at the junction with US 441, its eastern stop at the junction with SR 24.
• SR 121 runs n and south on the western part of the city. The DeSoto Trail breaks away every bit SR 121 heads northward to Lake Butler, Raiford, and Macclenny. Due south, it travels to Williston before reaching its terminus at Lebanon Station.
• SR 222 runs e and west on the northern part of the city. Its western cease of country maintenance is at the junction with I-75 before continuing as County Road 222 to County Road 241, while its eastern end is at the junction with SR 26 a few miles due east of the Gainesville Regional Drome.
• SR 331 runs northeast and southwest through the city. It too serves as a truck route for State Roads 24, 26, and 121. Despite skirting the Gainesville City Limits, SR 331 runs n and south as a four-lane divided rural highway.

The city's streets lie on a filigree arrangement, with four quadrants (NW, NE, SW and SE). All streets are numbered, except for a few major thoroughfares, many of which are named for the towns they atomic number 82 to (such as Waldo Road (SR 24), Hawthorne Road (SR xx), Williston Route (SR 121/SR 331), Archer Road (as well SR 24) and Newberry Road (SR 26)). Streets called Avenues, Places, Roads or Lanes (often remembered by utilize of the acronym "April") generally run due east–due west, while other streets (including Streets, Drives, Terraces, and Means) mostly run due north–south.

Intercity rail [edit]

Amtrak Motorway Passenger vehicle buses connect with Jacksonville (Amtrak station) to the north and Lakeland (Amtrak station) to the s. Bus service connects with Amtrak'south Argent Service. Amtrak service is bachelor at Palatka, 32 miles (51 km) to the e.

At one time, Gainesville had railroad lines extending in six directions and was served by several depots. The primeval route reached the town in 1859. Past the 1940s, traffic and business patterns inverse, Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL) had ended its Jacksonville-Waldo-Gainesville-Tampa railroad train and its Jacksonville-Waldo-Gainesville-Cedar Key railroad train^{[72] [73]} and the less heavily used railroads were abased beginning in 1943. Some routes realigned, with the last trains running in the middle of Main Street in 1948.^[74]

Passenger service past the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) included: an overnight local train from Jacksonville, due s from Gainesville to Ocala, Clearwater and St. Petersburg and the W Coast Champion from New York Metropolis running on the same road during the daytime. Chicago service on the ACL'southward Dixie Flyer was furnished past a transfer at Jacksonville.^[75] In 1967, upon the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad from the merger of ACL and SAL, the overnight local train through Gainesville was terminated.^[76] Even so, by 1968, the Champion was diverted east via a road through Palatka and Orlando. The Jacksonville-Gainesville-Ocala-Saint petersburg route became a local section (SCL #93 south/#94 northward).^[77] Service into Gainesville ended at the terminate of April, 1971 at Amtrak'southward creation.^[78]

Past the 1980s, the only freight operator into the metropolis was the Seaboard System (formerly the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, now merged into CSX).

Airdrome, double-decker, and others [edit]

In addition to its extensive road network, Gainesville is served by Gainesville Regional Transit Arrangement, or RTS, Florida's fourth-largest mass transit system. The area is also served by Gainesville Regional Airport ("GNV"^[79]) in the northeast part of the city, with daily service to Atlanta, Dallas-Fort Worth,^[80] Miami, and Charlotte, North Carolina.

According to the 2000 census, five.25 percent of Gainesville residents commuted to work by cycle, amid the highest figures in the nation for a major population center.

Culture [edit]

Gainesville is known for its back up of the visual arts. Each yr, two large art festivals attract artists and visitors from all over the southeastern United states.^[81]

Cultural facilities include the Florida Museum of Natural History, Harn Museum of Art, the Hippodrome State Theatre, and the Curtis G. Phillips Eye for the Performing Arts. Smaller theaters include the Acrosstown Repertory Theatre (Art), Actors' Warehouse, and the Gainesville Community Playhouse (GCP). GCP is the oldest community theater group in Florida; in 2006, it christened a new theater building.^[82]

The presence of a major university enhances the metropolis'due south opportunities for cultural lifestyles. The University of Florida Higher of the Arts^[83] is the umbrella college for the School of Music, School of Theatre and Dance, Schoolhouse of Art and Art History, and a number of other programs and centers including The Academy Galleries, the Center for World Art, and Digital Worlds. Collectively, the college offers many performance events and artist/lecture opportunities for students and the greater Gainesville community, the majority offered at piffling or no cost.

Since 1989, Gainesville has been home to Theatre Strike Strength, the University of Florida'south premier improv troupe. Gainesville also hosts several sketch comedy troupes and stand-up comedians.

In April 2003, Gainesville became known as the "Healthiest Community in America" when information technology won the just "Gold Well Urban center" award given by the Wellness Councils of America (WELCOA).^[84] Headed upward by Gainesville Health & Fitness Centers, and with the support of Shands HealthCare and the Gainesville Area Bedroom of Commerce, 21 businesses comprising 60 percent of the city'southward workforce became involved in the "Gold Well City" effort. As of July 2011, Gainesville remained the only city in the country to win the award.

The counties surrounding Alachua County vote strongly Republican, while Alachua County votes strongly Democratic.^[85] In the 2008 election, there was a 22% gap in votes in Alachua County between Barack Obama and John McCain, while the other 11 candidates on the ballot and write-in votes received approximately 1.46% of the vote.^[86]

Homelessness bug [edit]

The National Coalition for the Homeless cited Gainesville as the 5th meanest metropolis in the United States for its criminalization of homelessness in the Coalition's two virtually recent reports (in 2004 and 2009),^{[87] [88]} the latter time for its meal limit ordinance.^[89] Gainesville has a number of ordinances targeting the homeless, including an anti-panhandling measure and i prohibiting sleeping outdoors on public property. In 2005, the Alachua Board of County Commissioners and the Gainesville City Commission responded by issuing a written "Ten Yr Plan to End Homelessness";^{[ninety] [91]} which was followed by the 2010 "A Needs Assessment of Unsheltered Homeless Individuals In Gainesville, Florida" presentation to a articulation meeting of Gainesville and Alachua Canton Commissions.^[92] An indoor homeless shelter was built on the site of the former Gainesville Correctional Institution grounds, with surrounding surface area designated for tents.^[93]

Marijuana civilisation [edit]

Gainesville is renowned in recreational drug culture for "Gainesville Green", a peculiarly potent strain of marijuana. Orange and Blue magazine published a feature commodity in 2003 about the history of Gainesville Greenish and the local marijuana civilisation in general.^[94] In the mid-1990s, several Gainesville Hemp Festivals took identify outside the Alachua County courthouse.

Music scene [edit]

Gainesville is well known for its music scene and has spawned a number of bands and musicians, including Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,^[95] Stephen Stills, Don Felder and Bernie Leadon of The Eagles, The Motels, Against Me!, Charles Bradley, Less Than Jake, Hot Water Music, As Friends Rust, Loyal Revival, John Vanderslice, Sister Hazel, Hundred Waters, and For Squirrels. It is also the location of contained labels No Thought Records and Elestial Sound, and the former domicile of Plan-It-Ten Records, which moved to Bloomington, Indiana. For two years, the Gainesville nonprofit Harvest of Hope Foundation hosted the Harvest of Hope Fest in St. Augustine.^[96] Gainesville is also the home of Florida Rocks, the founders of "Santa Jam", who concur concerts every Dec throughout North Florida as a toy fundraiser for sick, injured, and homeless children and a showcase for local musicians. Since 2011 they have distributed well-nigh 700 toys to hospitals, local churches, homeless charities, and needy families across the area.^{[ citation needed ]}

No Thought Records puts on an almanac iii-day stone festival known as The Fest, typically during the concluding weekend in October, coinciding with the annual Florida-Georgia football game, played in Jacksonville to minimize tensions between the largely out of town music festival goers with the University of Florida students and alumni.^[97]

Between 1987 and 1998, Gainesville had a very active stone music scene, with Hollywood star River Phoenix having the local social club Hardback Cafe as his main base. Phoenix's band Aleka'southward Attic was a constant characteristic of the rock scene.^[98] The Phoenix family is notwithstanding a presence in Gainesville, with Rain Phoenix's ring Papercranes and Liberty Phoenix'due south shop, Indigo.^[99]

Gainesville is still known for its strong music community and was named "Best Place to Start a Band in the United States" by Blender magazine in March 2008.^[100] The article cited the large student population, inexpensive hire, and friendly venues.

Over the past decade, Gainesville has been abode to a wide diverseness of bands, from the Latin/afrobeat sounds of Umoja Orchestra, to the rock of Morningbell, to ska staples The Know How.^[101]

Gainesville's reputation as an independent music mecca can be traced back to 1984 when a local music video station was brought on the air. The station was called TV-69, broadcast on UHF 69 and was owned by Cozzin Communications.^[102] The channel drew considerable media attention thanks to its promotion by Bill Cosby, who was part owner of the station when it started. Idiot box-69 featured many videos by punk and indie-characterization bands and had several locally produced videos ("Clone Beloved" by a local parody band, and a Dinosaur Jr. vocal).

Sports [edit]

The Florida Gators is the varsity team of the University of Florida, competing in the Southeastern Briefing of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1933. Information technology has been ranked in the top x in the NACDA ranking since the 1983–84 season. It has won 42 national team championships, including two men's basketball titles, three football titles, one women's soccer title, ane baseball title, four gymnastics titles, two softball titles, 4 men'south golf titles, and 7 women's lawn tennis titles.

Opened in 1969, the Gainesville Raceway is a dragstrip that hosts the Gatornationals, one of the four NHRA major races.

Startup culture [edit]

Roughly since the 2006 founding of Grooveshark, a Gainesville-based music streaming service, Gainesville has seen an increment in the number of technology-based startup companies founded and developed in the city, peculiarly the downtown area.^{[103] [104] [105]} Among them are Digital Brands, SharpSpring, Fracture, Optym, and Feathr. The city celebrates Josh Greenberg Day annually in April, in honor of the tardily founder of Grooveshark and his contributions to the customs'southward startup culture.^[106]

Almanac cultural events [edit]

• The Spring Arts Festival, hosted each year, normally in early on April, past Santa Fe College (formerly Santa Fe Community College), is one of the three largest annual events in Gainesville and known for its high-quality, unique artwork.^[107]
• The nationally recognized Downtown Festival and Art Show, hosted each fall by the City of Gainesville, attracts honor-winning artists and a crowd of more than 100,000.^[108]
• The Hoggetowne Medieval Faire has attracted thousands of fairgoers for over 20 years.^[109]
• The Fest, a multi-day, multiple-venue hush-hush music festival held annually in Gainesville since 2002.^{[110] [111]}

Media [edit]

Independent Florida Alligator Logo

Print [edit]

Gainesville is served by The Gainesville Sun and The Contained Florida Alligator, the student newspaper for the University of Florida and Santa Atomic number 26 Higher.

The New York Times Editing Center also resides in Gainesville.^[112]

Radio [edit]

Arbitron ranks the Gainesville-Ocala marketplace as the nation's 83rd-largest.^[113] Xiii radio stations are licensed to operate in the urban center of Gainesville—v AM stations, 6 commercial FM stations, and ii low-power non-commercial FM stations. Three of the stations (WRUF, WRUF-FM, and WUFT-FM) are operated by broadcasting students at the Academy of Florida. WUFT-FM is the city'south NPR fellow member station, while the WRUF stations are operated as commercial stations.

Tv set [edit]

Gainesville is the 162nd-largest idiot box market in the nation, as measured past Nielsen Media Inquiry.^[114] Broadcast telly stations in the Gainesville market include WCJB, an ABC/CW affiliate in Gainesville; WGFL, a CBS affiliate dissemination from High Springs; WNBW, an NBC affiliate in Gainesville; WOGX, a Fox owned-and-operated station (O&O) from Ocala; and WUFT, the PBS station affiliated with the University of Florida in Gainesville.

Gainesville has i cable television station called Community 12TV, which is carried on area COX systems. Community 12TV presently airs local government meetings and other public affairs programming as well every bit content from The Florida Channel.^[115]

Points of interest [edit]

• 34th Street Wall
• Baughman Centre
• Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at Florida Field
• Bivens Arm
• Civic Media Center
• Depot Park
• Devil'south Millhopper Geological State Park
• Florida Museum of Natural History, including the Butterfly Rainforest exhibit
• Gainesville-Hawthorne Trail Country Park
• Gainesville Raceway
• Haile Homestead
• Harn Museum of Art
• Helyx Bridge
• Hippodrome State Theatre
• Ichetucknee Springs Land Park
• Kanapaha Botanical Gardens
• Lake Alice
• Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park
• Morningside Nature Center
• Newnan's Lake
• The Oaks Mall
• Paynes Prairie Preserve Country Park
• San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park
• Santa Atomic number 26 College Teaching Zoo
• Stephen C. O'Connell Center
• William Reuben Thomas Center

Points of interest in Gainesville, Florida

• 

  Boardwalk at Devil's Millhopper

• 

  Newnans Lake

• 

  Sweetwater Wetlands Park at Payne's Prairie

• 

  The Oaks Mall

• 

  Gainesville'due south Depot Park

Sister cities [edit]

Gainesville's sister cities are:^[116]

Come across too [edit]

• Listing of people from Gainesville, Florida

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Further reading [edit]

• Andersen, Lars (2004). Paynes Prairie: The Peachy Savanna: A History and Guide. Sarasota, Florida, The states: Pineapple Printing. ISBNone-56164-296-7 . Retrieved May eighteen, 2011.
• Braley, R. Olin (2004). The Killing of Harmon Murray: Being a True Account of the Life and Times of Florida'southward Premier Black Outlaw. Gainesville, Florida: The Alachua Printing.
• Fox, Kathleen A.; Lane, Jodi (2010). "Perceptions of gangs amid prosecutors in an emerging gang city". Journal of Criminal Justice. 38 (4): 595–603. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.031.
• Hicks, Rob (2008). Images of America: Gainesville. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN978-0-7385-5402-0.
• Hildreth, Charles H.; Merlin Thousand. Cox (1981). History of Gainesville, Florida 1854-1979. Gainesville, Florida: Alachua Canton Historical Lodge.
• McCarthy, Kevin Grand.; Murray D. Laurie (1997). Guide to the University of Florida and Gainesville. Sarasota, florida: Pineapple Press. ISBNane-56164-134-0.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (1995). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville, Florida, USA: University Printing of Florida. ISBN0-8130-1636-iii.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (1998). Florida'southward Indians from Ancient Times to the Present. Gainesville, Florida, U.s.a.: Academy Press of Florida. ISBN0-8130-1598-seven.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (1999). The Timucua. Oxford, Great britain: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN0-631-21864-five.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (2006). Laboring in the Fields of the Lord: Spanish Missions and Southeastern Indians. Gainesville, Florida, USA: Academy Press of Florida. ISBN0-8130-2966-X.
• Newton, Michael (2001). The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida. Gainesville, Florida: The University Printing of Florida. ISBN0-8130-2120-0.
• Pickard, Ben (1991). Historic Gainesville: a bout Guide to the Past. Gainesville, Florida: Historic Gainesville, Inc.
• Rajtar, Steve (2007). A Guide to Historic Gainesville. Charleston, South Carolina; London: History Press. ISBN978-1-59629-217-8.
• Taulbee, Lindsay. "Gainesville in the '70s: Changes roiling beneath a polite Southern surface". Gainesville Magazine. Gainesville Sun. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
• Washington, Ray. "University of Florida: Unrest amid the boom times 1960-1980". Gainesville Dominicus. Gainesville Sunday. Retrieved May 13, 2011.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Gainesville Florida Visitors & Convention Bureau
• Gainesville Area Chamber of Commerce
• Gainesville, Florida travel guide from Wikivoyage

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida

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